This is update on 21 February 2010.

First version published as: Kuzmin S.L. 1994. Bibliography of the Siberian Newt (Salamandrella keyserlingii Dybowski, 1870). – Smithsonian Herpetol. Inform. Service (102): 1-53.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE SIBERIAN NEWT (SALAMANDRELLA KEYSERLINGII DYBOWSKI, 1870)

Sergius L. KUZMIN
Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 33, Moscow 117071 Russia

The Siberian newt (Salamandrella keyserlingii Dybowski, 1870) is in some respects a unique amphibian. It is a member of the most primitive amphibian family, the Hynobiidae, and is of interest from a phylogenetic viewpoint. This newt occurs in arctic, subarctic, and temperate regions, living in a variety of habitats from tundra to steppe. Its geographic range is one of the largest among amphibians and stretches from the east and north of European Russia eastward to Chukotka, Kamchatka, Sakhalin, and Hokkaido, and from the Yakutian tundras southwards to central Mongolia, Manchuria, and northern Korea. Astonishingly, with such a large range, this newt has not differentiated into any distinct geographic populations. In the past all subspecific and specific forms proposed for S. keyserlingii have eventually proved to be invalid. Recently significant genetic differences were found between populations from the south of the Far East and others. It is supposed that a separate subspecies or species inhabits southern Far East of Russia. This bibliography covers the both forms, as it is only extended version of paper published in 1994.

Morphological, ecological, and geographical peculiarities of the Siberian newt make it an important object of biological studies. To now, it has been mentioned in more than 700 publications. This massive literature requires a summary, and a two volume monograph Siberian Newt: Morphological Description of the Species is being published by Nauka, a Moscow publisher. This monograph summarizes the published and unpublished data of 42 researchs authors on different aspects of the newt's biology. This monograph issue is not a complete survey of all publications on this species, rather it provides a detailed overview of its biology. Hence a complete bibliographic survey, encompassing two centuries, seems a useful adjunct to the monograph.

Owing to the species distribution, most publications have been written in Russian, Chinese, and Japanese, thus unknown and inaccessible to most western biologists. Further, much of the research was published in limited editions and/or serials of limited distribution. So that, the publications are frequently little known even in the country of their publication. Some of these works are of high scientific value.

I faced several difficulties in compiling this bibliography. First, some sources are quite rare. Fortunately, many were traced and examined during my 12-year bibliographic search. – Nevertheless, a few items remained unavailable; the pages and subject matter of these are not included with their citations since I could not confirm these data. Second is the goal of bibliographic completeness. For future information needs, the list is as complete as possible and includes even single notes referring to the species. Third has been the problem of bibliographic standardization for all languages with nonLatin alphabets. The standardization depended upon the transliterations provided by the libraries of Russia and other countries with non-Latin alphabets.

Since the majority of the references is in Russian, Russian publications are not specially marked in the bibliography. All references in other languages are marked by asterisks (*). If these references are in Bashkirian, Chinese, Czech, Japanese, Korean, Mongolian, Polish, or Ukrainian, the titles are enclosed in parentheses. English, French, or German references are not so marked.

All the titles in languages using the Latin alphabet are given in their original form. Titles in other languages are either translated or given English transcriptions; in the latter family and geographic names are also transcribed if another transcription had not been established earlier. – Translated titles are enclosed in brackets. If the original publication source provided an English, French or German translation of the titles, these translated titles are not enclosed in brackets. – When a summary or abstract is present in one of these languages, it is indicated in parentheses. Parentheses are also used for a published translation of an article.

The titles of books and dissertations are transcribed in English; their translations are enclosed in brackets. In few cases, Czech, Chinese, and Japanese titles are given only in translation. Editors of collected papers are not indicated.

Russian use three terms for amphibians and reptiles: "gady"; "zemnovodnye & presmykayushchiesya"; and "amphibii & reptilii". The two first terms are translated herein as "amphibians & reptiles", the third one as "Amphibia & Reptilia".

To make the bibliography more functional, references are coded by the following subjects: A, activity; B, behavior; C, conservation; D, diseases; E, ecology (ED, development; EE, natural enemies; EF, feeding; EH, habitats; EM, mortality; EP, population and number; ER, reproduction); G, geographic distribution; H, history of studies; K, karyology; M, morphology (MC, circulatory system; MD, digestive system; ME, external morphology; MG, glands; MI, integument; MK, kidney; MN, nervous system and sense organs; MO, eggs and eggsacs; MP, pulmonary system; MR, reproductive system; MS, skeletal and muscular systems); O, ontogenesis or embryology; P, physiology; PA, parasitology; PH, phylogeny including paleontology; PO, popular literature; S, systematics; T, terrarium or captive care; W, wintering or hibernation.
If a reference contains only singular mention of the Siberian newt, but not detailed information, the subject codes are followed by "(S)", e.g.: ME;ER;W(S). Similarly, in reference of a popular nature, the code "PO" is placed at the end. Perusal of the bibliography shows that most references are concerned with distribution, external morphology, skeletal and muscular anatomy, habitats, reproduction and development.

Acknowledgements

I thank O. V. Kolobaeva (Institute of Evolutionary Morphology and Ecology of Animals Russian Academy of Sciences) for technical assistance; Dr. T. Sato (Obihiro Centennial City Museum, Japan) for generously providing a bibliography and copies of Japanese works published after the WW II, N.V.Panteleev and T. N. Sidorova (Institute of Evolutionary Morphology and Ecology of Animals Russian Academy of Sciences) for drawing the picture on the cover of this issue, and for the translation of some Japanese references, respectively.

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